Haevey c



(No Model.) Y

3 Sheets-Sheet 1.

H. o. HALL.

PUMP.

Patented YMarQZ?,1883;.`

i v[27472622 faz?,

(No Model.) 3 sheetssheen 2.

rH. C. HALL.

PUMP..

Patented Mar. 27,1883,

PUMP.

No. 274,760. PatentedhMaLN, 1883.

N Patins, Pham-Lnugmphu washing n. c.

Vloose lan ges or discharge-valves.

resents a central vertical section of a pump,A

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

HARVEY C. HALLLOF BRQOKLYN, NEW YORK.

PUMP.

SPECIFICATION vforming part of Letters Patent No. 274,760, dated March 27, 1883. l

Application tiled November 10, 1882.

To all whom it may concern Beit known that I, HARVEY C. HALL, ofthe city of Brooklyn, in the county of Kings and State of NewYork, have invented a certain new and useful Improvement in Pumps, of which the following is aspecitication.

My invention relates to hand and power liftpumps, and also to air or vacuum pumps; and the objects of the invention are to provide' a pump which may be manufactured at a less cost than those heretofore made, which is more simple in its construction, and which may be easily and'quickly taken apart in case it is desired to renew any of its parts or in case it becomes clogged.

To this end my invention consists in various novel details of construction and combinations ot' parts hereinafterdescribed, and se't forth in the claims, whereby the desired result is attained.

In the accompanying drawings, Figure 1 represents a central vertical section ot' a pump embodying my invention. Fig. 2 represents a sectional view of a loose flange or dischargevalve of modied form. Fig. 3 represents a plan of said ange or valve. Figs. 4, 5, and 6 represent detail sectionalV views of a portieri of the pump-charnber and modified forms of Fig. 7 repalso embodying my invention, but in which the pump-chamber is' provided with an integral Ilange containinga discharge-valve. Fig. 8 represents a plan view of the pump shown in Fig. 7 5 and Fig. 9 represents a central vertical section of apump embodying my invention and adapted to be used as anair-pump, a portion ot' the discharge-valve being broken away. i

Similar letters of reference designate correspondingparts in all thegures.

Referring rst to Fig. l, A designates the pumpcham ber, which consists simply of a casting open at the top aud capable of being made without the necessity of using a dry-sand core. The suction-pipe B communicates with the chamber at the bottom,land `the chamber is provided with a suction-valve, G, here shown as having a face, a, of rubber, leather, or other material. This valve may be of any other suitable con struction.` The upper partof the cham- (No model.)

ber A is of larger diameter than the lower part, and is provided with an annular groove, b, whereinis secured a packing, c, of leather, hemp, rubber, or other material, which forms avalve-seat. At a considerable distance above the valve-scato the chamber is provided with a dischargespout, A', and at the top it is provided with open bearings d.

D designates a ring, which may be of cast vmetal,and rests on the valve-seat c. This ring or ange is provided on the inner side with a groove, c, wherein is secured a packing,f, of' any suitable material.

E designates the plunger, which tits within the ring or flange D and packingf. The ring D serves both to close the chamber and to form a discharge-valve, and it is guided in its rising and falling movemen tsby ribs g, formed on the interior ofthe upper part ot' the chainber, or, it' desirable, on the outer edge ot' the valveD. TheplungerEisoperatedbyahandlever, F, which is connected therewith by a link, F'. This link is secured to the plunger by a pin, 7L, which may be made of brass, and is inserted directly through the plunger and the eye of the link. The end ot' the lever might be connected directly with the plunger, if desired, and the link dispensed with. The lever F is shown as provided with integral journals or pivotsi, which rest in thebearings d, andare secured therein by pins 'i'. The plunger E may be made of metal, glass, or any other suitable material. If practicable, however, I prefer to make it ofhard wood, because of its cheapness, and because it may be so cheaply renewed when worn out, and also because it will not rust, and w'ill work easily and without Vcutting on the packingf. The top of the plunger is slightly concave, as at j, so that in its upward stroke it will always take up water,

which will remain therein while the pump is at rest, and prevent the plunger from drying out. The water contained in the cavity into which the link F extends will not become stagnant or foul, because the plunger in its downward `strokeis entirelyimmersed in the water, and the flow of the water over it and the side movement ot' the link will cause the water in said cavityvto be all the time changing. When the plunger is pushed down the dischargevalve D is'liftedand water flowsI upward under and IOO ' top of the chamber.

past it, and one great advantage of this form of valve is that as the water can discharge around its entire periphery the valve will be lifted but little, and yet so large anopening will be afforded that the water will not be discharged with any considerable velocity, and therefore will not be liable to swashover the When the plunger is raised a suction will be created in the chamber, and the valve D will be held tightly to its seat while the plunger ascends. It' the packing 'f be new, and there be any considerable friction between it and the plunger, the latter wouldV or might have a tendency to lift the valve in its upward movement, and thus prevent the formation of a vacuum. This I prevent by a novel formation of the plunger,which has a-slight taper at 7c, and the portion above the taper made slightly smaller in` diameter than the portion below'. In the downward movement of the plunger the taper 7c passes below the packing j', and the portion ot reduced diameter h'ts loosely in the packing. Consequently when the plunger commences its upward movement, although it creates a vacuum, it does not have any tendency to lift-the valve D, and therefore said valve will be caught by the vacuum and held tightly to its seat by atmospheric pressure before the larger part ot' the plunger comes in contact with the packingf. This reduction of the upper part ofthe plunger has other advantages. When the plunger is descending the valve D is lifted and held up by the water-pressure, and there might possibly be a tendency to cant the valve out of a horizontal position. When the portion of the piungerof reduced diameter passes the packing f the valve is freed from the plunger, and can at once resume its horizontal position and drop squarely on the seat c. As soon as the taper on the plunger passes the packing fan additional opening is afforded between the plunger and the packing, and as a new outlet is thus afforded for the water the valve will fall somewhat, and will seatitself gradually as the extent of opening between the plunger and the packingfincreases. With the slight taper here shown this advantage would scarcely be apparent; but in large pumps, where the annular valve D is of large diameter and heavy, the plunger may have a much greater taper, and would then cause the valve to seat itself very gradually and without much shock. I am aware that even where there is a slight taper of the plunger, as here shown, there would be very small loss by reason of leakage downward around the plunger during a small part of its upward stroke; but the advantages attained will more than compensate for any such loss. One great advantage ot' this pump is the ease with which it may be taken apart in case it clogs, or if it is desired to renew any ot' its parts. All that is necessary is to knock out theppins t', and then the handle F, and with it the plunger E, may he taken out, the valve D is tapered on its inner side, and contains an expanding and contracting packing-ring,f, made ot' Babbitt metal or other material, and held in place by a ring or plate, D', secured to the valve D by screws l, or otherwise. This ring is made in three or more sections, and the sections adapt themselves readily to the plunger, even though it be-worn, and form a comparativelytight joint between the plunger and the valve D.

In Fig. et the pump-chamber A has a metallic seat, c', instead of a flexible seat, c, as in Fig. 1, and the valve D may be made of Babbitt metal or other soft metal to loosely fit the plunger E. The `valve is provided with a leather or other soft packing, f, secured in a rabbet by a ring, D2, screwed into the valve D. The ring Dzmay also be ot' Babbitt or analogous metal, and it and the valve D may be cast of such metal in iron molds, with their screw-threads complete.

In Fig. 5 the space between the plunger E and chamber A is closed by a valve, D, consisting of a ring having a packing,f, secured upon its face by a ring, m. The packingftits the plunger and bears on the raisedvalveseat c.

In Fig. 6 the-space between the chamber A and pump-plunger .E is closed by a ring or valve, D, which rests on a seat, c', and is rounded in a vertical direction on its inner side, so as to lit the plunger snugly and still allow the latter to vibrate slightly, as it would IOO IOS

IIO

do if operated by the lever F without any.

guide. This form of valve is well adapted for large pumps, in which the plungers are operated by long rods, and there is little side movement and wear of the plunger. This valve may be made of Babbitt metal or analogous i metal, and will have but little friction and wear on the wood plunger. Of course there would be a slight leakage between the valve` D and plunger; but as the water always stands above the valve it could not leak air,

IIS

and the pump could be made of a capacityv have designated by the same letters of refer- In this pump the -chamber A is proence. vided with an inwardly-projecting ange, A2,

through which the plunger E works, and which contains discharge-openings n. Thisiiange may be made integral with the chamber; `crit may be made separate therefrom for convenience in casting, and secured therein in any `suitable way. The discharge -openings are closed by an annular valve, D, which is faced with a packing, f, that also tits the plunger. The valve D is provided with spurs or projections o, which pass through the p ackin'gf, and IO' prevent the latter from crawling ont from under thevalve. Theliange A2 maybe bushed with a ring, p, of brass or other material which will not rust and will wear well on the Wood plunger. This ringgmay be rolled down onto the iron, and is rounded in a vertical direction, so as not to gallor cut the plunger. The top of the plunger is depressed or concave, as shown in dotted lines,for the purpose before described. The operating-lever F is fulcrumed by a pin, q, in a fulcrum-piece. G, which is `provided with an arc-shaped groove, r, fitting the top ofthe chamber, and said piece is adapted to be adjusted thereon horizontally,

so that the lever or handleF will stand in any desired position relatively to the dischargespout A. The t'ulcrnm-piece G is secured iu place by a set-screw, s, or otherwise. This pump may be taken apart with the same facility as the pump shown in Fig. l by simply l taking outthe pin q. Ot course the plunger may be tapered, like that shown in Fig. 1.

It' valves of lead were substituted for those used in the pump shown in Fig. 1, the pump would be very desirable for pumping acids,

'and either ot' the pumps may be used, and is well adapted for household purposes, for shippumps, for farm-pumps, for pumping out founv dations or doingother work Where the Water is dirty or gritty,and for raising water in small or large quantities for manufacturing purposes. Y

Vhere the plungers are ot' large size I prefer to make them of wood, and if several pieces are used they may be secured bya ferrule or `said Fig. 9, A designates the pump-chamber,

which is provided with an inwardly-extending flange, A2, in Winch aredischarge-openings n, covered by a valve, D, of leather or other suitable material. The inlet-pipe Bis here placed in the upper part of the chamber, and `is provided with the inlet-valve C. E `designates the plunger, which may be ot' wood or metal, and which is operated by a link or rod, F.

`The operation ot'` this pump is very simple.

On s tartin g the pump l liftthe discharge-valve D"slightly and pour in oil, water, or other liquid until the chamber is entirely filled up to and above the tiange A2, the -plunger being at the time-raised. When the plunger is. forced down there is a large displacement of liquid, which passes through the valve-openings n, and is retained over the valve D in the upper part ot' the chamber and around the plunger. The plunger is now raised and air is drawn in through the valve U, while a small quantity otliquid is drawn down as leakage around the plunger, the plunger beingpurposely and preferably left without packing. The plunger now forced down, and at lirst simply decreases the volume of air in the pump-chamber; but as soon as the plunger passes into the liquid in the chamber the liquid is raised in an annular column around the plunger and carries or forces every cubic inch ot airout through the valve-openings n. The discharge atevery `downstroke ot the small quantity of liquid which leaks in at every npstroke is advantageous, because it insures the total expulsion ot' air at each discharge-a result which it is difficult to attain in dry air-pumps. Not only is a pump of this kind useful in manufactories Where air-pumps are used, but for philosophical or laboratory purposes.

than any piston air-pump.` I make the lower end of the plunger conical, so as to reducethe concussion when it strikes the liquid in its `downstrolie; and 1I prefer to use oil, as it effects the proper lubrication of the plunger. In pumping hot air and vapor, as is done in connection with a vacuum-pau, it might be desirable to employ water instead ot' oil and to constantly supply' water to take the place of what is lost by evaporation. What I claim as my invention, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is-

l. rlhe combination, withV a pump-chamber comprising a lower portion and an upper portion of larger diameter, ot' a plunger adapted to Work in saidchamber, and a discharge-valve surrounding the plunger and seating upon the chamber so as to control communication between the lowerportion and the upper portion of larger diameter, substantially as herein described.

2. The combination, with a pump-chamber comprising a lower portion and an upper portion of larger diameter, of a plunger adapted to work in said chamber, and a dischargevalve A very eective` pump can be made at a low cost and muchless IOO IIO

fitting the exterior of the valve, substantially as herein described.

5. The combination, with a pump-chamber and plunger, of a loose ring iting the exterior of the plunger, and having a seat near its circumference on the chamber, and capable of rising and falling so as to alternately close the chamber and form a discharge-valve, substantially as herein described.

6. The combination of a pump chamber comprising a lower portion and an upper portion of larger diameter, and having an open iop, a plunger, and an annular discharge-valve surrounding the plunger, resting loosely on a seat on the chamber, and adapted to be removed through the open top or' the chamber, substantially as herein described.

7. The combination of the chamber A, the plunger E, and the loose annular dischargevalve D, seating/0n the chamber, and provided with a packing which fits the plunger, substantially as herein described.

8. The combination of the chamber A, the plunger E, and the loose annular dischargevalve D, seating on the chambenvand having its inner face fitting the plunger and rounded or convex in a vertical direction, substantially as herein described.

9. The combination of thepump-chamber A,

HARVEY c. HALL.

Witnesses:

R. W. WHEELER, GEO. WHEELER. 

